Politics, constitution and administrative structure of Mongolia

Mongolia is a parliamentary state in which there is local self-government. The country is considered a sovereign and independent state. It is legally backed up by a constitution, which was adopted in 1992. Territorially the country is divided into several regions, otherwise known as the “aimags”. They, in turn, are divided into “soums”, and other small territorial units. The Head of Mongolia is the President. He has been in office for only 4 years. Elections are conducted through a popular vote secretly. It should be noted that in accordance with the country’s Constitution, a President can only serve two terms, each of which stretches over a period of 4 years. He is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of Mongolia, and also represents his country in the international arena.

Due to the fact that the form of government in Mongolia is predominantly parliamentary-presidential, the President of the country has quite limited rights. The dominant structure of the legislative power is the State Great Khural. It consists of 80 deputies, each of whom enters into office through a popular vote secretly. It should be noted that the deputies are only given a 4-year term. The government is the main executive body. It is fully formed by the supreme legislative body of Mongolia, and the candidates of each deputy are submitted by the Prime Minister. At the same time, the President of the country participates in the deliberation of candidates, although his authority in this case is very formal. However, it is the President who must elect a deputy who in his opinion is able to become the head of the Cabinet of Ministers. The final opinion belongs to the State Great Khural.

It is worth noting that in the country much attention is paid to local self-governments. Regardless of the type of local self-government, all deputies take up office for four years. As for the availability of political parties, it should be noted that practically up to the end of the last century Mongolia had a one-party system. The main party in the country was the MPRP. However, since the beginning of this century, active registration of new political organizations began on the territory of the country. But despite this, the largest party still remains MPRP, with about 130,000 members. The Democratic Party as well as the Civil Courage Party are a little behind. Recently, the socialists have gained more political power. Copyright www.orangesmile.com

It is worth noting that despite the economic situation in Mongolia, the domestic political situation is quite stable. There has been no popular unrest during the last decades, which means that the government conducts fairly honest and properly balanced domestic policies. One of the main problems in Mongolia is the lack of funds for social needs. For some time, Mongolia did not have stable international relations. Thanks to cooperation with Japan and the United States of America, the country was able to stabilize her economic situation a little.

As for the judicial system, it also has its basis within the Constitution of the country. Only the court exercises judicial power. The Supreme Court is the highest court within the judicial system. It is followed by the courts of the capital, aimags, as well as other territorial courts, including district courts. All judicial bodies vary in their individual responsibilities. There are civil, administrative and other courts. However, every decision of the local court is under strict supervision of the Supreme Court. The decision of the latter is final and incontestable. All judges in any category of court do not hold a permanent position and are also not elected. Hence, they can be dismissed if the fact of their indulgence in any illegal action is proved. It is worth noting that the judges are appointed by the general judicial council. They are the ones who select judges from among the lawyers who have proven their competence.

As for the internal Armed Forces of Mongolia, there is a constant reform of the system. Every year more and more budget funds are allocated for the maintenance of military-technical potential. At the same time, the country also actively participates in peacekeeping efforts, under the leadership of the United Nations. Mongolia, in the past, also joined the Convention on the Chemical Weapons Destruction and the Treaty on banning the Proliferation and Development of Bacteriological Weapons. Also, the Country supports the statute on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.