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Before the colonial period, the Australian territory was populated by aborigines. The first settlements were formed here more then 60 000 years ago. Some of the most interesting archeological districts are located near Lake Mungo. In some states of Australia, researchers found the remains of the old cave paintings. The colonial period in Australia began in 1606 when the continent was first visited by the European travelers. The first man who visited it was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon. He called the land he had discovered New Holland. In a few years, Australia was visited by Spanish colonizers. The first British colonies were formed here in the late 18th century.

The indigenous population had been decreasing significantly for 150 years of the active colonization. One of the main causes of aborigines’ death was infectious diseases brought by Europeans. The most outstanding event in the history of Australia was the beginning of the Gold Rush in the middle of the 19th century. In 1901, a so-called colony federation known as the Commonwealth of Australia was established. Australia officially gained independence from Great Britain not so long ago, in 1986.
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